Author: Freight forwarder said
Link: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/592815128
Source: Zhihu
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01 Basic Introduction 1. What is a trailer? Trailer, also known as container truck or container truck in the freight forwarding industry, is an English term for drag or container truck. It is a verb, not a noun, specifically referring to inland container transportation in local operations of sea freight FCL. Specifically, in terms of exports, it refers to the practice of picking up containers from the yard, loading them into the warehouse or factory, and then returning them. 2. What car is used for towing? Trailers are divided into 4-axle, 5-axle, and 6-axle vehicles: the more axles there are, the greater the horsepower, and the heavier the cargo can be towed. High horsepower vehicle: suitable for towing trailers with a cargo weight of 18 tons or more, as well as towing containers; Small horsepower vehicle: suitable for towing goods weighing less than 15 tons, transporting light cargo. Not all transportation vehicles are allowed to enter the port freely. They need to be registered at the port and qualified trailers can be used. 3. The composition of a trailer is divided into three parts: the front of the vehicle, the trailer frame, and the container trailer frame. There are long trailer frames and short trailer frames. Long trailers are commonly used on the market, with fewer short trailers because they are more flexible and have a length just enough to accommodate one 40 foot container or two 20 foot containers. This allows for the transportation of both 40 foot and 20 foot containers. Note that the front end, towing frame, and container can be separated. The yard and dock use cranes to select and lift containers onto towing racks. If the small cabinet needs to be unloaded at the front of the vehicle, the front of the vehicle can be separated from the frame. Unlike regular cars, both the front end and trailer have two license plate numbers. In terms of conceptual understanding, trailers tend to focus more on towing "containers" rather than "vehicles". 3. What kind of containers are being towed? We often hear expressions such as small containers, large containers, and high containers, representing the three types of standard containers: other container types have been derived from standard containers, such as OT (Open Top Container), FR (Flat Rack Container Framework Container), RF (Reefer Container Freezer), etc. Please refer to future special container training topics. How much can the cabinet hold? Each freight forwarder needs to have a simple and general understanding of the size, weight, and capacity of each standard container type. This is the most fundamental professional knowledge and the cornerstone of business solutions. Note: The data here is not absolutely accurate. There may be slight discrepancies between different shipping companies and container owners, and it also depends on the specific cargo. There may be deviations between theoretical data and actual cargo allocation data. Its significance lies in providing general guidance, and do not remember to be very accurate, as long as you ensure that it is not outrageous. For example, if the customer's goods have a capacity of 50CBM, you cannot simply provide a small cabinet, as it cannot be fully loaded* When the height of the goods is 2.5 meters and cannot be inverted, only a 40HC container type can be used, although your goods only have 20 CBM* When the cargo is over 30 tons, we cannot tell the customer that one container can hold it. Regarding the question of how many squares can a cabinet hold: can a small cabinet only hold 26CBM? How can the factory say that they have installed all 30CBM This depends on the specific packaging and size of the goods. If all the boxes are packaged in uniform sizes, of course, they can be tightly packed and space can be utilized as much as possible. If the packaging is different, with pallets, cardboard boxes, and barrels, and various sizes are different, some cannot be stacked, it is obvious that a lot of space will be wasted. In simple terms, the operation process of the trailer is divided into 6 steps: preparation, commissioning, document making, container pick-up, container loading, and container return. After returning the container, when entering the port through the dock gate, this customs supervision site will automatically send arrival information to the customs system. After the customs system successfully receives the arrival information, it proves that the goods are under customs supervision. At this point, the formal customs declaration can be made (Shanghai Yangshan Port first declares customs before loading containers into the port, see customs declaration special training for details), and the subsequent work is to collect the heavy containers and pull them to the storage yard next to the dock for loading (collection).